Judson University
Judson University is an evangelical Christian liberal arts university located in Elgin, Illinois. It was founded in 1963. Judson was formed out of the liberal arts component of Northern Baptist Theological Seminary. When the seminary moved from Chicago to Lombard, IL, it was decided to make the college separate from the seminary. Judson University was named after Adoniram Judson, the first American Baptist missionary to foreign shores. The College has campuses in Elgin and Rockford, Illinois, and a student body of approximately 1200. Judson College became Judson University on August 28, 2007.

Academics
Judson is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), and the Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference (CCAC). Judson College offers the following sports:
Judson also offers a variety of summer sports campus open to the community. The camps are designed to give students (through 12th grade) the opportunity to develop and enhance their skills in sports in a non-competitive environment. Summer camps offered at Judson include:

Baseball
Softball
Men's Soccer
Women's Soccer
Women's Volleyball
Men's Basketball
Women's Basketball
Soccer Day Camps (Grades K-7)
Soccer School of Excellence (Overnight; Grades 5-12)
Basketball Day Camps (Grades 1-9)
Girls' Volleyball Clinics (Grades 5-10) Athletics
Judson Student Organization (JSO) plans and/or sponsors the majority of events and activities at Judson College. These events include:

Homecoming
Oktoberfest
Reel Conversations
Small Groups
Concerts
Mr. Wilson
Blue Crew
Chicago Excursion
Missions Trips
Spring Fling
Senior Banquet
Table Tennis Club
Lip Sync Student Events/Activities
Judson's 84-acre campus is located on the banks of the Fox River, about 40 miles west of Chicago. The university campus was purchased In 1963, when Dr. Benjamin Browne visited the original 19 acre country estate, known as Braeburn-on-the-Fox, and offered the owner $100,000. Judson's campus is now over 90 acres.

Fox River Campus
There are 15 buildings on the Judson University campus. The four residence halls are Wilson Hall, Ohio Hall, Volkman Hall, and Lindner Tower. Volkman Hall and Lindner Tower also house classrooms, offices and conference rooms. The other buildings on campus are the Harm Weber Administration Building, Campus Apartments, Math and Science Building, Herrick Chapel, Benjamin P. Browne Library, Fine Arts Building, Lindner Campus Commons, Barton House, Lindner Fitness Center, Plant Operations, and Creekside South.

Campus Facilities
Wilson Hall is an all male dorm located in the center of campus. Generally freshmen occupy this dorm, however many residents choose to remain in Wilson Hall for their entire career at Judson, citing that they enjoy the "location, close-knit community, and laid back atmosphere in Wilson." In recent years, Wilson Hall residents and seventh floor Lindner residents have developed a fierce rivalry.

Wilson Hall
Ohio Hall is located directly across from Wilson Hall. Ohio is the freshmen female dorm on campus. because of limited space, upperclassmen female students who wish to remain in Ohio Hall either must purchase a single room, or work as a Resident Assistant in Ohio Hall. Ohio Hall is set up in suite-style. Two dorm rooms share a bathroom. Each floor has a lounge where floor events, small groups, and study groups take place. In the basement of Ohio Hall are laundry facilities, a foosball table, exercise room, a ball pit, kitchen, and the Star Lounge.

Ohio Hall
Volkman Hall is located in the southwest corner of the campus. Volkman was the first residence hall to be built, and was constructed in 1963. The building faces a lagoon created by diverting the flow of Tyler Creek. The first floor of Volkman contains classrooms and faculty offices. The JSO also has their offices in Volkman. The second and third floors of Volkman consists of apartment-style suites. These are designed for 4-6 students. Male and female students live in separated areas of Volkman. Married students who wish to live on campus may rent a suite in Volkman Hall.

Lindner Tower
The Administration building is named after former President (1969-1992) and current Chancellor, Harm Weber. The building also houses the campus clarion. Every hour the clarion in the building sounds, announcing the time, usually playing hymns or the alma mater. This building is a transformed mansion which was part of the private estate when Judson University bought the property in 1963. There are three floors, the first containing the President's office, and the Business office. the second floor contains the offices for Advancement and Giving, and the Alumni office. The third floor contains the Communications office.

Harm A. Weber Administration Building
The Campus Apartments have 7 apartments that are rented to faculty and staff. It is located next to Wilson Hall. The Health Office is also located in this building.

Campus Apartments
The Math and Science Building is located next to Ohio Hall, across from the Campus Apartments. The Math and Science Building holds the Physics and Chemistry Labs, a computer lab, and several lecture hall-style 30-seat classrooms.

Math and Science Building
The Herrick Chapel is a 700-seat chapel, with pews on the main floor and balcony. The chapel has a large pipe organ which covers the entire wall behind the stage. The chapel is also the only building on campus with stained glass windows. In 2005, the chapel was renovated, adding air conditioning, as well as a significantly larger stage. All full-time traditional undergraduate students are required to attend 25 chapel services each semester. According to Judson University, typical chapel content ranges from scriptural exegesis to issue-oriented presentations to mini-concerts by guest artists to student-led praise and worship services.
The lower level of the chapel houses a collection of artifacts related to Adoniram Judson and Burma. Also located on the lower level of Herrick Chapel is the counseling center and the rehearsal room for the choir.

Herrick Chapel
The Benjamin P. Browne Library was named after the university's first president Benjamin P. Browne (1963-1967). The library has two floors. The first floor contains a computer lab and library staff offices. Judson University Technology Services has its office on the second floor.

Benjamin P. Browne Library
The Fine Arts Building has two floors, and houses the Music Division, and the Art and Design portions of the Art, Design and Architecture Division. There is an art gallery, the Fine Arts Performance Hall, faculty offices, and studios for Music, Art, and Design students. There is also a computer lab which is predominantly iMacs and G4s.

Fine Arts Building
The Lindner Campus Commons, generally known as the Commons, is built on a hill. This means that the lower floor is underground on one side, and at ground level on the other. For this reason, the lower floor is referred to as Lower Commons, and the 2nd floor is referred to as Upper Commons.

Lindner Campus Commons
The Upper Commons is the location of the Student Development Office, which includes the Dean of Students, the Career advisor, Directory of Student Life and Leadership, and the International and Intercultural Advisor. It has a "pit" which is a lowered area containing a TV, fireplace, and couches. the fireplace has not been lit in recent years. according to Student Development, this is due to insurance costs which would be associated with that. There are four computers which are available for students to use, as well as tables and chairs. There is also a billiards and fooseball table.

Upper Commons
The Lower Commons contains the Cafeteria, the Bookstore, and the Campus Post Office (CPO). The cafeteria services are operated by Creative Dining Services under contract with Judson University. The bookstore is operated by Founder's Bookstore under contract with Judson University. The CPO (generally pronounced "see-po") is where students have their own campus mail boxes, and can also send and receive mail and packages.

Lower Commons
The Barton House is named after Dr. Amos B. Barton, who served as the second president, from 1967 through 1969. In the past, it has served as a dormitory as well as offices for various staff departments, however it is currently used for the Admissions, Financial Aid, and Student Accounts departments.

Barton House
The Lindner Fitness Center, generally just called the Fitness Center, is in the Eastern corner of the campus and faces the soccer field. The Fitness Center has a gymnasium which has a full basketball court and another smaller basketball court as well. These courts double as volleyball courts and there are space for three of these. A track runs around the edge of the gymnasium, raised above the gym floor.

Lindner Fitness Center
The Plant Operations building, generally referred to as Plant Ops, is home to the Plant Operations staff, which covers repairs, groundskeeping, and janitorial services, as well as Public Safety. This building was formerly the gymnasium, prior to the Lindner Fitness Center being built.

Creekside South
There is a new $25 million building currently (2006) under construction. The Harm A. Weber Academic Center will house the departments of art and architecture as well as the university library. The building was the subject of an international competition. The winning design by Alan Short, Professor of Architecture at Cambridge University, is currently (2006) under construction. The building, situated on the northwest corner of the main part of the campus (adjacent to Illinois Route 31) is expected to be completed for the Fall 2007 school year. It is expected to be one of the most energy-efficient buildings in the United States.

For other people named John Hennessy, see John Hennessy.
John LeRoy Hennessy, the founder of MIPS Computer Systems Inc., is currently serving as the 10th President of Stanford University. He earned his Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Villanova University, and his Master's degree and Ph.D. in computer science from the State University of New York at Stony Brook.
Hennessy became a Stanford faculty member in 1977. In 1984, he used his sabbatical year to found MIPS Computer Systems Inc. to commercialize his research in RISC processors.
In 1987, he became the Willard and Inez Kerr Bell Endowed Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
Hennessy served as director of Stanford's Computer System Laboratory (1989-1993), a research center run by Stanford's Electrical Engineering and Computer Science departments. He was chair of the Department of Computer Science (1994-1996) and Dean of the School of Engineering (1996-1999).
Hennessy and David A. Patterson have written two well-known books about computer architecture, Computer Organization and Design: the Hardware/Software Interface (3 editions; latest is ISBN 1-55860-604-1) and Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach (4 editions, latest is ISBN 0-12-370490-1). They have been widely used as textbooks for graduate and undergraduate courses since 1990.
In 1997 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
In 1999, Stanford President Gerhard Casper appointed Hennessy to succeed Condoleezza Rice as Provost of Stanford University.
When Casper stepped down to focus on teaching in 2000, the Stanford Board of Trustees named Hennessy to succeed Casper as president. As Stanford's president, Hennessy earns an annual salary of $566,581.
He joined the board of Google, in exchange for 65,000 shares of the company; at the time of Google's IPO, his shares were worth over $7 million. He is also a board member of Cisco Systems, Inc.[1], Atheros Communications[2] and the Daniel Pearl Foundation.

Birth of the Soviet Republic
Following the model laid out by Lenin, the newly united Socialist Party created a government called the Revolutionary Governing Council, which proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic and dismissed President Károlyi on March 21. Initially, this government consisted of a Socialist-Communist coalition led by Sándor Garbai, but Kun, as Commissar of Foreign Affairs (foreign minister) was the real power in the country. Under Kun, the Communists leaped into action and managed to dismiss the Social Democratic ministers within days. Afterwards, the new Communist government decreed the abolition of aristocratic titles and privileges, the separation of church and state, and they codified the freedom of speech and assembly, free education, language and cultural rights to minorities (the latter four ideals were not implemented in practice).
The Communist government also nationalized industrial and commercial enterprises, and socialized housing, transport, banking, medicine, cultural institutions, and all landholdings of more than 40 hectares. The public support for Communists was also heavily dependent on their promise of restoring Hungary's borders.
In a radio dispatch to the Russian SFSR, Kun informed Lenin that a "dictatorship of the proletariat" had been established in Hungary and asked for a treaty of alliance with the Russian SFSR, to defend against the inevitable hostile reaction from the Entente. The Russian SFSR was willing, but unable to lend a helping hand to the fledgling Hungarian Soviet Republic, because it was itself tied down in the Russian Civil War. The Hungarian government was thus left on its own, and a Red Guard was established under the command of Mátyás Rákosi. In addition, a group of 200 armed men - known as the Lenin Boys - formed a mobile detachment under the leadership of Cserny József. This detachment was deployed at various locations around the country where counter-revolutionary movements were suspected to operate. The Lenin Boys, as well as other similar groups and agitators killed and terrorised many people (for example, they blasphemed openly, or armed with hand grenades and using their rifles' butts, disbanded religious ceremonies). This caused a number of conflicts with the local population, some of which turned violent.

Communist policies
The Hungarian Soviet Republic, in a dangerous strategic position next to hostile Romania and Czechoslovakia, was invaded by Romania in mid-April 1919. Some of Hungary's agricultural lands were seized, and the Romanian army threatened Budapest. Outvoting the Social Democrats, the Communists decided to keep fighting, using the Red Guard volunteers to stop the Romanian advance and seize a significant portion of Czechoslovakia. The Hungarian Soviet sought to cut open a corridor through Czechoslovakia to the RSFSR. This however worsened the Entente's view of the Communists. On June 8 American President Wilson demanded a halt to the Hungarian Red Army's advances and invited the Hungarian government to Paris to discuss Hungary's frontiers. Kun still hoped to link up with Russia and spearhead the worldwide workers' revolution in Southern Europe. A spurious Slovak Soviet Republic was proclaimed on June 16, in the southern and eastern Slovakia.

Downfall

Tibor Szamuely
Aftermath of World War I
Revolutions of 1917-23
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
Red Terror

In North and South Korea, Special cities, Metropolitan Cities, and Directly Governed Cities are cities that have a status equivalent to that of Provinces (Do). Hence, like the provinces, such cities are under the direct administration of the central government.
As of 2004, there are two Directly Governed Cities (Chikhalsi; 직할시; 直轄市) and three other special provincial-level administrative regions in North Korea; and one Special City (Teukbyeolsi; 특별시; 特別市) and six Metropolitan Cities (Gwangyeoksi; 광역시; 廣域市) in South Korea. Before 1995, the five largest Gwangyeoksi in South Korea were classified as Chik'alshi (i.e. Chikhalsi in McCune-Reischauer romanization; now spelled Jikhalsi in the Revised Romanization of Korean).
In the following tables, "Split time" shows when the city split from the province it was located in.

North Korea

Ch'ŏngjin City (Ch'ŏngjin-si; 청진시; 淸津市) was a Directly Governed City from 1960 to 1967 and again from 1977 to 1985, but is now part of North Hamgyŏng Province.
Hamhŭng City (Hamhŭng-si; 함흥시; 咸興市) was a Directly Governed City from 1960 to 1967, but is now part of South Hamgyŏng Province.
Kaesŏng City (Kaesŏng-si; 개성시; 開城市) (distinct from Kaesŏng Industrial Region) was a designated Region (Chigu; 지구; 地區) from 1951 to 1955 and a Directly Governed City from 1955 to 2003, but is now part of North Hwanghae Province.
Namp'o Special City (Namp'o T'ŭkkŭpsi; 남포 특급시; 南浦特級市) was a Directly Governed City from 1980 to 2004, but is now part of South P'yŏng'an Province. Sources

Notes

There is no Hanja for "Seoul," but in Chinese, it is written by its Joseon Dynasty name Hanseong (漢城). The new Chinese name, 首爾/首尔, is a transcription based on the pronunciation of "Seoul". As a suffix, the character gyeong (京) is used, which means "capital".
Seoul was designated a "Special Free City" (Teukbyeol Jayusi; 특별 자유시; 特別自由市) separate from Gyeonggi Province on August 15, 1946; it became a "Special City" on August 15, 1949.

National flags on land
See also: Gallery of maritime flags
The flag that indicates nationallity on a ship is called ensign. As with the national flags, there are three varieties: the civil ensign (), flown by private vessels; state ensigns (also called government ensigns; ), flown by government ships; and war ensigns (also called naval ensigns; ), flown by naval vessels. The ensign is flown from an ensign-staff at the stern of the ship, or from a gaff when underway. Both these positions are superior to any other on the ship, even though the masthead is higher. In the absence of a gaff the ensign may be flown from the yardarm. (See Maritime flags.) National flags may also be flown by aircraft and the vehicles of important officials.
In some countries, such as the United States and Canada, the national ensign is identical to the national flag, while in others, such as the United Kingdom and Japan, there are specific ensigns for maritime use. Most countries do not have a separate state ensign, although the United Kingdom is a rare exception, in having a red ensign for civil use, a white ensign as its naval ensign, and a blue ensign for government non-military vessels.

National ensigns at sea
See also: Gallery of confusable flags
Although the national flag is meant to be a unique symbol for a country, many pairs of countries have highly similar and thus easily confusable flags. Examples include the flags of Monaco and of Indonesia, which differ only slightly in proportion; of the Netherlands and of Luxembourg, which differ in proportion as well as in the shade of blue used; and of Romania and of Chad, which are almost completely identical.
While some similarities are coincidental, others are rooted in shared histories. For example, the flags of Venezuela, of Colombia, and of Ecuador all use variants of the flag of Great Colombia, the country they comprised upon their independence from Spain, created by the Venezuelan independence hero Francisco de Miranda; and the flags of Egypt, of Iraq, of Syria, and of Yemen are all highly similar variants of the flag of the Arab revolt of 1916–1918.
Many other similarities may be found among current national flags, particularly if inversions of color schemes are considered (e.g., compare the flag of Côte d'Ivoire to that of Ireland). Still more identical or closely similar pairs exist comparing present day and historical flags; for example, the current national flag of Albania was the war flag of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire.

Similar flags

Main article: Flag protocol Trivia

Flag terminology
Flag desecration
Flag Day
Flags of the World
Flag protocol
National emblem
Coat of arms
List of sovereign states
Gallery of sovereign-state flags
Gallery of maritime flags
Flags of formerly independent states
Flags of active autonomist and secessionist movements
Gallery of sovereign state coats of arms

Alfred Francis Blakeney Carpenter VC (September 17, 1881 - December 27, 1955) (VC, Croix de Guerre and Legion d'Honneur (France)) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Born in Barnes, SW London, son of Commander Alfred Carpenter and grandson of Commander Charles Carpenter. He attended Bedales School founded by his Uncle Edward Carpenter's close friend John Haden Badley. He was married to Henrietta Maude Shadwell and after her death in 1923 to Hilda Margaret Chearnley-Smith.
He was 36 years old, and a captain in the Royal Navy during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 22/23 April 1918 at Zeebrugge, Belgium, Captain Carpenter was in command of HMS Vindictive, navigating mined waters and bringing the ship alongside the Mole in darkness. When Vindictive was within a few yards of the Mole, the enemy started and maintained a heavy fire from batteries, machine-guns and rifles. Captain Carpenter supervised the landing from Vindictive on to the Mole, walking the decks, encouraging the men. His power of command, personal bearing and encouragement to those under him greatly contributed to the success of the operation.
Awarded by ballot. He later achieved the rank of Vice-Admiral.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Imperial War Museum (London, England).

The Central Lowlands are a broad area of low-lying and heavily populated land in southern Scotland. Over half of the country's population lies in this belt, which runs from the Firth of Clyde in the west to the Firth of Forth in the east. Much of the central lowlands was formed by the floodplain of the River Clyde.
Main centres located in the Central Lowlands include:
By some definitions, the coas to the Firth of Forth (including southern Fife and northern Lothian are part of the central lowlands. This would add the cities of Dunfermline and Edinburgh - the national capital - to the above list.

Alloa
Dumbarton
Falkirk
Glasgow
Lanark
Motherwell
Paisley
Stirling

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